Durga Puja is one of the most important and widely celebrated festivals, especially in the eastern regions of India, including West Bengal, Assam, Odisha, Bihar, Tripura, and Jharkhand. It is also celebrated in other parts of the country and by the Indian diaspora worldwide. The festival celebrates the worship of Goddess Durga, who symbolizes divine feminine power and the victory of good over evil.
Main themes of Durga Puja
The victory of good over evil: The main story of Durga Puja revolves around Goddess Durga’s battle and triumph over the demon Mahishasura, who represents evil forces. The Goddess, holding various weapons in her arms, is seen riding a lion, symbolizing strength, courage, and protection.
The ultimate incarnation of power: Durga is seen as the ultimate incarnation of power and her various forms are worshipped during the festival. She is also revered as a compassionate mother who bestows protection and blessings.
Festivals and Rituals
Mahalaya: The festival begins on Mahalaya, the day that marks the arrival of the goddess on earth. Devotees offer prayers, listen to the Mahishasuramardini recitation, and begin preparations for the festival. Many also pay tribute to their ancestors on this day.
Idol worship: Intricately crafted idols of Goddess Durga are set up in elaborately designed pandals (temporary stage or pavilion) along with her children—Ganesha, Kartikeya, Lakshmi, and Saraswati. The idols depict her killing Mahishasura.
Four main days
Saptami: The first day of Durga worship, which includes rituals such as bathing the idol of the goddess with holy water and invoking her presence.
Ashtami: The most important day of worship, which includes rituals such as Anjali (flower offering) and sandhi puja, which mark the transition from Ashtami to Navami. Kumari puja, the worship of young girls as goddesses, is also performed.
Navami: A special meal (bhog) is offered to the goddess, and there are more prayers and celebrations.
Vijayadashami: The last day of the festival, when idols are immersed in rivers or other water bodies, symbolizing Durga’s departure for her heavenly abode. Women often apply vermilion to each other (sindoor khela), and people exchange festival greetings.
Cultural significance
Arts and crafts: Durga Puja is also a celebration of the arts, with pandals decorated in creative and sometimes theme-based designs. Kolkata, in particular, is famous for its grand and artistic pandals.
Traditional foods: The festival features a variety of traditional foods, especially vegetarian dishes offered as bhog, such as khichdi, payesh (rice pudding), and sweets such as rasgullas and Sandesh.
Music and Dance: Cultural programmes, including dance, music, and drama, are an integral part of the celebration. Folk and classical performances are also organised along with devotional songs at the pandals.
Community and Social Unity: Durga Puja is a time for families and communities to come together, strengthening bonds through shared participation in rituals, feasts, and festivities.
Durga Puja is not only a religious event but also a socio-cultural festival that combines devotion, artistry, and communal harmony, making it one of the most vibrant and joyous occasions.